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Qubit
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The bit is the basic unit of information used by computers to
represent information. The bit can take the value of 0 or 1.
The Qubit is similar to the bit but can also be a superposition of
both the 0 and 1 states. Thus,
|ψ> = α|0> + β|1>
where α and β are probability amplitudes that can be complex
numbers.
The Qubit can also be represented in terms of the BLOCH SPHERE.
Where:
α = cos(θ/2) and β = exp(iφ)sin(θ/2)
A pure Qubit state can be represented by any point on the surface.
It is possible to put the Qubit in a mixed state, a statistical
combination of different pure states. Mixed states can be
represented by points inside the Bloch sphere. A mixed Qubit
state has three degrees of freedom: the angles φi and θ, as well
as the length, r, of the vector that represents the mixed state.